A²GN

We undersigned hereby declare that the project report “COIL GUN” , submitted for partial ful fillment of the requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology of the APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University, Kerala is a bonafide work done by us under supervision of Dr. SHANAVAZKT.Thissubmissionrepresents our ideas in our own words and where ideas or words of others have been included, we have adequately and accurately cited and referenced the original sources. We also declare that we have adhered to ethics of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated any data or idea or fact or source in our submission. We under stand that any violation of the above will be a cause for disciplinary action by the institute and/or the University and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not been properly cited or from whom proper permission has not been obtained. This report has not been previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma or similar title of any other University.

Place: Chengannur

Date : 04/12/23

NITHIN MATHEWJOJI(CHN20EC052)

GOVINDMNAIR(CHN20EC036)

AMALKUMARA(CHN20EC016)

ASHWINSNAIR(CHN20EC024)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Wetake this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of our project. We would like to place on record our deep sense of gratitude to our Principal, Dr Smitha Dharan and the Head of the Department of Electronics Engineering, Dr Laila D for providing more than adequate facilities. Weare thankful to our project coordinator, Mrs. Raji A for her timely help and advice. We are also indebted to Dr. Shanavaz KT for his guidance and support throughout the project. Support from our family has helped us move forward and is always our strength. We would like to thank our dear friends and family for extending their cooperation and encouragement throughout the project preparation, without which we would never have completed the project this well.

NITHIN MATHEWJOJI(CHN20EC052)

GOVINDMNAIR(CHN20EC036)

AMALKUMARA(CHN20EC016)

ASHWINSNAIR(CHN20EC024)

ABSTRACT

This project explores the design and implementation of a Magnetic Coil Gun, leveraging electro magnetic induction principles to accelerate ferromagnetic projectiles along a carefully arranged se ries of electromagnetic coils. The core concept involves the generation of a magnetic field through the coils, which interacts with the ferromagnetic projectile, propelling it down the barrel. The report details the engineering and construction of the coil gun system, encompassing key com ponents such as the electromagnetic coils, power supply, and control mechanisms. Experimental results and performance analysis are presented, highlighting the efficiency and effectiveness of the electromagnetic propulsion system. Furthermore, the report delves into the theoretical underpinnings of electromagnetic induction and the dynamics governing the interaction between the magnetic field and the projectile. Considera tions regarding safety protocols, potential applications, and future enhancements are also discussed. This Magnetic Coil Gun project not only provides insights into the intricacies of electromagnetic propulsion but also serves as a foundation for future developments in the realm of electromagnetic acceleration systems. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on innovative projectile propulsion technologies, with potential applications in fields such as defense, research, and beyond.

INTRODUCTION

In the dynamic landscape of projectile propulsion, our project unfolds as an exploration into the uncharted territories of electromagnetic induction and engineering ingenuity. The Magnetic Coil Gun, our brainchild, stands at the forefront of innovation, challenging traditional paradigms of propulsion mechanisms by harnessing the power of electromagnetic fields. Traditional firearms, with their reliance on explosive propellants, often grapple with limitations in terms of speed, precision, and control. In response to these challenges, our endeavor takes a revolu tionary leap by employing electromagnetic induction principles to propel ferromagnetic projectiles. At the heart of our system lies a meticulously designed array of electromagnetic coils, orchestrating a magnetic field that interacts seamlessly with the projectiles, propelling them with precision and efficiency down the barrel of the coil gun. The construction of the Magnetic Coil Gun involves a careful fusion of engineering disciplines. The design intricacies of the electromagnetic coils, the implementation of a robust power supply system, and the integration of precise control mechanisms collectively contribute to the creation of a sophisticated propulsion system. As we delve into the project’s theoretical underpinnings, we aim not only to construct a functional prototype but also to deepen our understanding of the intricate dynamics at play. The objectives of our project are multi-faceted. Primarily, we seek to validate theoretical models through systematic experimentation, evaluating the performance metrics of the Magnetic Coil Gun. From projectile velocity and precision to repeatability, our investigations aim to contribute valuable insights into the optimization of electromagnetic propulsion systems. However, the implications of our Magnetic Coil Gun project extend beyond the confines of the immediate experiment. The precision and control inherent in our propulsion system open doors to a myriad of potential applications. From advanced research endeavors requiring precise projectile delivery to defense systems seeking efficient and tailored acceleration, the Magnetic Coil Gun holds promise as a versatile technology.

GENERAL BACKGROUND

In the realm of projectile propulsion, the quest for more efficient, controlled, and innovative mech anisms has driven researchers to explore unconventional avenues. The Magnetic Coil Gun project emerges against a backdrop of longstanding challenges associated with traditional firearms, partic ularly limitations in speed, precision, and controllability inherent in explosive propellants. Conventional firearms, though effective in various applications, face inherent constraints that hin der their adaptability to evolving needs. The inherent explosiveness of propellants limits the con trol over projectile acceleration and introduces complexities in achieving precise trajectories. This project takes root in the recognition of these limitations and seeks to redefine the paradigm of pro jectile propulsion through the application of electromagnetic induction principles. The foundational concept driving the Magnetic Coil Gun lies in the manipulation of magnetic fields to propel ferromagnetic projectiles. Electromagnetic coils, strategically arranged, generate a con trolled magnetic field that interacts with the projectile, propelling it along the barrel with remarkable precision. This departure from conventional explosive-based propulsion not only promises advance ments in speed and precision but also opens doors to a range of potential applications across diverse fields.

The historical evolution of projectile propulsion has seen incremental advancements, but the Mag netic Coil Gun introduces a revolutionary leap. Its potential applications extend beyond the immedi ate scope of propulsion technology, offering avenues for tailored acceleration in research endeavors and efficient projectile delivery in defense systems. The intersection of theoretical innovation and practical application in this project signifies a critical juncture in the ongoing quest for more sophisticated and versatile projectile propulsion systems.

As we delve into the specifics of electromagnetic induction, coil design, and control mechanisms, this report unfolds as a comprehensive exploration. By investigating the intricacies of the Magnetic Coil Gun, we not only aim to construct a functional prototype but also contribute to the broader discourse on the future of projectile propulsion technologies. The journey outlined in this report symbolizes a commitment to advancing the boundaries of what is achievable in the dynamic field of propulsion, heralding a new era in precision and efficiency. In this pursuit, we acknowledge the challenges and complexities inherent in pushing the technological envelope, and our project stands as a testament to the perseverance required in unlocking the potential of electromagnetic propulsion. Through this endeavor, we invite further inquiry and collaboration, envisioning a future where the Magnetic Coil Gun serves as a cornerstone for innovative advancements in the field of projectile dynamics.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Inefficiencies in Traditional Propulsion: Traditional firearms, reliant on explosive propellants, inherently face challenges in achieving optimal precision, controllability, and efficiency. The unpredictable nature of explosive re actions hampers the ability to finely tune projectile trajectories, limiting their adaptability in various applications.
Lack of Tailored Acceleration: The constraints of explosive-based propulsion systems become particularly pronounced in scenarios where precise and tailored acceleration is paramount. Current technologies struggle to meet the demands of advanced research projects and defense systems requiring controlled and efficient projectile delivery

OBJECTIVES

PrototypeDevelopment: Contributetotheongoingdiscourseoninnovativeprojectile propul sion technologies, advancing the understanding and potential applications of electromagnetic induction in propulsion systems.
Performance Evaluation: Systematically experiment and evaluate the performance metrics of the Magnetic Coil Gun, focusing on projectile velocity, precision, and repeatability.
Validation of Theoretical Models: Validate theoretical models governing electromagnetic propulsion dynamics through experimentation and analysis.
Applications and Implications: Explore potential applications of the Magnetic Coil Gun, considering its precision and controlled acceleration for use in research, defense systems, and other relevant domains.
ContributionstoPropulsionTechnology: Contributetotheongoingdiscourse oninnovative projectile propulsion technologies, advancing the understanding and potential applications of electromagnetic induction in propulsion systems.

LITERATURE SURVEY

“Design and experiments of multi-stage coil gun system,” by S.-J. Lee, J. H. Kim, and S.-H. Kim:Basic explanation of electromagnetic launcher (EML) and finite element analysis using MAXWELL.
“Smart traffic light control system using image processing” by Belinda Chong Chiew Meng and Nor Azlan Othman in 2021:The study proposes an adaptive traffic light control system that utilizes image processing and matching techniques to assess lane densities at junctions through captured images, enabling the allocation of more time for vehicles on the busiest lanes compared to less congested ones, thereby optimizing traffic flow.
“Traffic Light Controller using Image Processing “ by Lakshmanan Ma , Nivetha Pc , and Preethi. A. in 27 February 2021:This system autonomously controls traffic lights using image processing, eliminating the need for traffic police and reducing congestion, delays, accidents, and labor requirements. Techniques include RGB to Gray conversion, resizing, enhancement, edge detection, image matching, and timing allocation.
“Automatic Traffic Using Image Processing” by Al Hussain Akoum in August 2020:The paper proposes analyzing camera sequences via varied edge detection algorithms and object counting methods. This software, designed for future use, captures media to potentially con trol traffic lights, allocating time based on car volume in each direction.
”FPGA BASED Smart Traffic System” by Vivek Karthick P:The system employs an FPGA for code-based operations, with power supplied to the microcontroller and IR sen sors. IR transceivers at road intervals detect passing vehicles, enabling the microcontroller to dynamically adjust signal timing based on traffic density
”Real-Time Adaptive Traffic Control System For Smart Cities” by Shyam Shankaran R and Lokesh Rajendran:Designed to reduce cycle times and accommodate emergency vehicles while addressing traffic congestion through an adaptive traffic control system that adjusts signal timings based on real-time traffic density, incorporating both hardware and software components.
”An Advanced Traffic Light Controller using Verilog HDL” by T Bala Obaula Reddy and V. Soumya:Proposes a Traffic Light Control system with IR sensors that dynamically adjust signal timings based on real-time traffic density, prioritize emergency vehicles, and capture images to identify red signal violators, all facilitated by FPGA integration to reduce waiting times

METHODOLOGY

BLOCK DIAGRAM
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

TEENSY 4.0 DEVELOPMENT BOARD The Teensy 4.0 development board stands out with its robust ARM Cortex-M7 processor clocked at 600 MHz, offering exceptional computational power. Boasting an extensive array of interfaces, including multiple USB ports, CAN buses, and numerous serial and I2C ports, it provides a ver satile platform for diverse applications, from real-time embedded systems to sophisticated projects requiring high-speed data communication.

Processing Power: The Teensy 4.0 is driven by a robust ARM Cortex-M7 processor, boasting a clock speed of 600 MHz. This high-performance core enables rapid and efficient execution of tasks, making it well-suited for computationally intensive applications.

Memory Capacity:With a substantial 1024 KB of RAM, the board ensures ample space for data storage and retrieval during program execution. Additionally, the 1984 KB of Flash memory provides extensive storage for program code and static data.

USB Connectivity: Featuring two USB ports with a notable speed of 480 MBit/sec, the Teensy 4.0 facilitates high-speed data transfer and connectivity. CAN Bus Capability: Equipped with three CAN buses, including support for CAN FD, the board is ideal for applications requiring robust and reliable communication protocols. Serial and I2C Ports: With seven serial ports and three I2C ports, the Teensy 4.0 offers a diverse range of options for communication with other devices and peripherals.

Input/Output Flexibility: PWMPins: The presence of 31 PWM pins allows for precise control over various devices, making it suitable for applications such as motor control and LED lighting. Analog Inputs: Featuring 14 analog inputs, the board enables accurate sensing and monitoring of analog signals

Multimedia and Audio Capabilities: I2S/TDM and S/PDIF Digital Audio Port: With two ports dedicated to digital audio, the Teensy 4.0 supports advanced audio processing and multimedia applications.

flow diagram

CONCLUSIONS

In bringing the Magnetic Coil Gun project to its conclusion, we witness the convergence of theoreti cal exploration and practical application. This venture into electromagnetic propulsion has not only resulted in a functional prototype but has expanded our understanding of controlled acceleration, influencing fields beyond traditional projectile technologies. The project’s impact is evident in the technological strides achieved. The innovative use of electro magnetic induction principles, coupled with meticulous hardware engineering, presents possibilities for advancements in space exploration, defense, and materials science. The precision embedded in the Coil Driver, Electromagnetic Coils, and security measures reflects a commitment to efficiency, reliability, and safety. The integration of an External Clock Board and robust access controls underscores the project’s dedication to excellence in hardware design and system security. The emphasis on security, including biometric authentication and regular audits, aligns with ethical considerations in technology development. It not only safeguards against potential threats but also sets a precedent for responsible engineering practices. Asweconclude this phase, future directions beckon. Collaborations with researchers and industries hold the potential to propel electromagnetic propulsion technologies further. Continued research into material sciences, energy efficiency, and precision control will chart the course for the Magnetic Coil Gun’s ongoing evolution. In essence, the Magnetic Coil Gun project stands as a testament to innovation, precision engineer ing, and a commitment to responsible technological advancement. The journey, as reflected in this conclusion, is not just an endpoint but a gateway to the future of electromagnetic propulsion.

Major Project

major project phase 1 Report as per 3 january 2024

DECLARATION